Juvenile Justice System And For Reducing Juvenile Crime Rates

I. INTRODUCTION Regardless of what nation an individual resides in, certain issues are universally important. Examples include crime, economics, education, family, healthcare, homelessness, poverty, and many others. The United States is now the world leader in its rate of incarceration. Over the past 25 years, juvenile crime has skyrocketed, with drug crimes, gang violence, school shootings, and other violent acts being regularly featured in the news. During the past 10 years, nearly all 50 states have overhauled their juvenile justice laws, allowing more youths to be tried as adults. However, in addressing crime, there must be an effective balance between deterrence, prevention, and punishment. This paper analyzes the juvenile justice system and the effectiveness of sentencing alternatives like juvenile detention centers and shelters. Part II details the history of the juvenile justice system. In Part III, sentencing alternatives like sentencing alternatives like juvenile det ention centers and shelters are examined. Lastly, this paper concludes with suggestions for improving the juvenile justice system and for reducing juvenile crime rates. II. HISTORY OF THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM Prior to the twentieth century, there were no significant differences between the way adult criminals and juvenile offenders were treated by the criminal justice system. Early prisons housed adults, juveniles, men, women, sane and insane, all together. (â€Å"CJCJ: Intro to California’sShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency And Juvenile Criminal Justice System1475 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Juvenile delinquency is an ever growing issue in the United States, according to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, â€Å"In 2012, there were 3,941 arrests for every 100,000 youths ages 10 through 17 in the United States† (OJJDP, 2014). The way juveniles are treated in the criminal justice system is very different than the way adults are. In 1899, in Cook County, Illinois, the first juvenile justice system in the country was founded. This established an alternativeRead MoreJuvenile Crime Has Become More Valuable Members Of Society?938 Words   |  4 PagesIn recent decades, juvenile crime has become somewhat of a controversy due to the young age and immaturity of these criminals. Incidences of juvenile crime skyrocketed in the 1980s and 1990s, and policymakers pushed for laws that sent children as young as thirteen years old to trial, and even made them eligible for prison sentences. The general public has expressed a common desire to reduce the incide nce of juvenile crime and find effective legislation to discipline these youths, but there are questionsRead MoreJuvenile Crime And Juvenile Delinquency1322 Words   |  6 PagesVersion). Juvenile crime, in law, term denoting various offense committed by children or youth under the age of 18. U.S. official crime reported that in the mid-1900’s â€Å"about one-fifth of all persons arrested for crimes were under the age of 18† (Funk Wagnalls, 2014). Such acts are sometimes referred to as juvenile delinquency (Funk Wagnalls, 2014. Offering constructive programs reduces juvenile delinquency and reduces recidivism. â€Å"From the beginning, the principal consideration of the juvenile courtsRead MoreJuvenile Justice Capstone Proposal Essays608 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Criminal Justice Capstone Project Proposal The juvenile justice system can be dated back to the late 18th and early 19th century. Youths were confined to jails with mentally ill and hardened criminals because there were no other alternatives for them. Many of these youths were in these institutions for non-violent offenses. During this same time, many American cities had to find a solution to the overwhelming rate of child neglect. Today, there is still much debate about the well-being of youthsRead MoreJuvenile Justice Systems833 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Juvenile crime is a term around the world that is difficult to pinpoint and although there are several definitions many fail to be concrete. There are many factors that play into sentencing juveniles or minors upon a crime committed. How old are they? Can they mentally form criminal intent? Are they old enough to no longer be treated as children? Some people would argue that a criminal is just that, regardless of age. Research on the other hand shows that juveniles have underdevelopedRead MoreDisproportionate Minority Contact739 Words   |  3 Pagesdisproportionately represented throughout juvenile justice systems in nearly every state in the nation. Disproportionate minority contact (DMC) in juvenile justice occurs when minority youth come into contact with the system at a higher rate than their white counterparts. African-Americans, Hispanics, Asians, Pacific Islanders and Native Americans comprise a combined one-third of the nations youth population. Yet they account for over t wo-thirds of the youth in secure juvenile facilities (Armour Hammond,Read MoreJustice : Age Or Actions?1643 Words   |  7 PagesJustice: Age or Actions? In our society, a juvenile is eligible to vote at the age of 18, allowed to drive in some states at the age of 16, and permitted to drink at the age of 21. Therefore, it is logical to determine that a juvenile under the age of eighteen is mature enough to be charged as an adult when they commit violent crimes (Chiou, 131). According to the Justice Department, about ten percent of homicides occurring in the United States are committed by juveniles under the age of eighteenRead MoreThe Crime Of Juvenile Offenders1256 Words   |  6 Pagescontinues to rise (and extremely much higher rates in the 2000’s) that portions of juvenile offenders commit most of the chronic, and violent, crimes of juvenile offenders. In a study conducted by Philadelphia birth cohort (Figlio, Wolfgang, Sellin, 1972) found that these â€Å"chronic offenders† (including having five or more police contact activities) in whole, constituted six percent of the cohort, and a rising figure of 18 percent of all delinquents. The juvenile offenders were again responsible for theRead MoreThe Impact of Gender and Family on Juvenile Delinquency in the United States888 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile delinquency is of great concern in the United States. In 2007 over 2 million arrests were juveniles. There are two types of juvenile delinquency. The first type of offense is a behavior that would be a criminal violation for an adult. The other offense is called a â€Å"status† offense. Status offenses are delinquent actions that do not apply to adults, like running away and truancy. This paper will discuss the impact of gender and family on delinquency and the treatment by gender in the juvenileRead MoreThe High Incarceration Rate Of Juveniles1748 Words   |  7 PagesThe high incarceration rate of juveniles is a significant social problem that affects society as a whole as well as the youth’s individual welfare and developmental trajectory. Adolescents who are incarcerated in th e juvenile justice system face a multitude of negative lifelong implications. The history of incarcerating youth in residential facilities such as juvenile halls, camps, ranches or group homes as a consequence for committing crimes has a deep-rooted history in the United States. â€Å"For more

The reigns of Justinian as the emperor of Byzantium during Free Essays

The reigns of Justinian as the emperor of Byzantium during 527 to 565 BC and Romanus IV in 1068 to 1071 AD were two most important events in Byzantine. The former marked the stability and economic growth of the land and the former was known to start the end of the empire. Byzantine (Istanbul today), which was called as an extension of Roman Empire in eastern part, after it was captured and made it a province. We will write a custom essay sample on The reigns of Justinian as the emperor of Byzantium during or any similar topic only for you Order Now Justinian known as ‘Justinian the Great’ according to Alexander A. Vasiliev â€Å"is the central figure of this entire period† (1954, 132) for invading Italy, pacifying Africa and controlling Persia from invading the land through his faithful and able generals named Belisarius and Mundo (Treadgold, 1997, 207). Romanus IV on the other hand had a strategy that did not work for him. Romanus IV gathered large army in troops enough to defeat the enemy, yet he lost the battle for he lost control of them due to disloyalty of his men. Justinian seldom joined the army, while Romanus was at the center of the battle. Justinian delivered direction and instruction to his trusted men, and Romanus IV if not misunderstood, was left alone by his warriors to seek refuge (Bradbury, 2004, 176). The challenges in the reign of Justinian were the uprising of the people and uncontrollable circumstances that weakened his control – the plagues and earthquakes that befell the land. Romanus IV’s challenges were much severe since he reigned at the time when Byzantine never had any recur but to drive away the Seljuk Turks to contain the territory at the midst of unfaithful generals and warriors. Justinian was just fortunate to have a wife and Belisarius who advised and obeyed his command. Romanus IV had a different case instead because he was caught unprepared despite a well-organized plan he made to win the battle. His greatest challenge was not the number of enemy but the sphere of his influence as a leader to execute commands. Romanus had no lawful men and he was unaware of that; besides, the empire was surrounded by men with greedy ambition. Bibliography Bradbury, J. 2004. The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare. USA: Routledge. Treadgold, W. 1997. A History of the Byzantine State and Society. USA: Stanford University Press. Vasiliev, A. 1954. History of the Byzantine Empire, 324-1453. USA: University of Wisconsin Press. How to cite The reigns of Justinian as the emperor of Byzantium during, Papers

Fashion and Womens Movements in the Past Century Essay Example For Students

Fashion and Women?s Movements in the Past Century Essay Todays American women are following centuries old traditions of rebelling against societys outlook on women around. Earlier in Americas history, it was unheard of for a woman to be in both the public and domestic sphere. Women were forced to spend most of their life in the domestic sphere, and wear ridiculous clothes everyday. For a long time, women have been degraded and pushed around, causing women to initial movements to change the way society treats women. In America, the land of the free, women have to fight for their equal rights. Reformers, such as Fanny Wright, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Amelia Bloomer and many more have done so through their actions, and speeches. Nevertheless, in recent times fashion has become an available source of expression. It is a powerful tool to be able to be seen and not heardbut still get the message across. Since its humble beginnings, fashion has oftentimes just existed, but in the past century, it has existed as a form of express ion, art, and liberation Now, women are still being influenced and challenged by the media and their peer, but slowly, more and more women are standing up for themselves. Before the early to mid 1800s, women were forced to squeeze into corsets made of whalebone, steel or buckram. It gave them the figure eight profile which resulted on a number of health problems, including their organs and body to become deformed. Over the corsets, women wore heavy layers of petticoats despite the weather. (Small Business Administration 3) Dresses emphasized the bust and hips, attempting to make women look very voluptuous. With the spread of commercialism, hundreds of new beauty products were introduced. These ever-popular restricting fashions were later outdated. This fashion was not comfortable in any sort of the imagination, and a social reformer, Wright started to make a difference. She originated a modified version of dresses in the Victorian Age. This new dress was described as long-sleeved, high-necked, and loose-fitting tunic over a pair of baggy trousers (Banner 23). Anthony, Stanton, Bloomer, and along others started to wear this new comfortable fashion. Bloomer promoted this new fashion which become known as Bloomers in The Lily; a newspaper for women promoting womens suffrage, temperance, and higher education (Small Business Administration 2). After attempting to change the style of clothes in the 1840s, they put this new fashion aside. Not only were they mocked by the public, but women were not following their example. Lucretia Mott, Stanton and many more reformers started a Womens Rights Convention in Seneca Falls that dealt with women receiving further rights. Anthony collaborated with Stanton to write From Address to the New Yo rk State Legislature, 1860. In this speech, Stanton delivered many of her powerful ethics to the State Legislature. She felt that women should have the right to have a divorce, and generally more rights for women. Through her well-educated, formal speech she gained respect from the State Legislature, but at that time, respect was all she received. Writing for social protest, she wanted women to make their own decisions from what type of dress to wear, to what type of job and/or education they want. Although women continued to wear some form of the corset until the 1920s (Banner 25), the publics stance on womens clothes started to revolutionize in the 1890s. Simplicity in dress had come to be associated , not with the poor or with radicals like Stanton of Anthony, but with more exciting and acceptable models: the actress, the working woman, the college woman, the sportswoman (Banner 24). Young women expressed many taboos through their appearances. They had qualities that were unheard of in previous generationsthey were sexually liberated, independent, and gaining rights. The declaration of this self-fulfillment was shown through the unforgettable fashion of the flappers. Women started wearing bright makeup, shorter skirts, and boyish haircuts. The new silhouette was very slim and youthful, a trend that has lasted until today, with a few exceptions. Androgyny was for the first time popular, and women used all sorts of pills and diets to attain the boyish figure. Fashion was both decadent and innovative. Makeup was elaborate to complement the masculine style, and it also began to be used as an art form. The face was now being painted into something completely unexpected, like a costume. In response to the flagrant 1920s, the thirties and forties were very sobering. The Depression hit and business was lost, in both the rural and urban areas. Women who had been taught to be independent and find work for themselves were confused, and the gender roles went back to what they once were. The boyish look of the twenties had vanished and women tried again to look feminine, searching for a new realistic, but untouchable ideal. World War II was taking its toll on much of the world, and it set in a harsh reality. Women were called to duty for many jobs, working with men in factories and not so much time at home. In addition, women writers started to express their feelings about the war. Authors like Marianne Moore and Edna St. Vincent Millay used their witty humor to ge t attention. A famous poem, The Paper Nautilus, was written by Moore. In this poem she expressed how she did not want young men to go off to war through imagery and symbolism. Times were hard for most; causing fashion to be very insignificant, but was a huge stepping stone in the equality of women. Style in the 1950s once again resorted to extreme femininity, but in a new sense. The modern woman was searching for an unachievable perfection that was untouchable. Christian Diors New Look from Paris brought beautiful gowns that encouraged the attitude of women made to please, to be seen, forever elegant, spoiled and impractical (Thomas 12). In the sixties and seventies, fashion finally regained its power as a tool of self-expression and liberation. There were many different movements in the sixties that fashion was very important to. The slim silhouette of the twenties was once again hugely popular, as miniskirts were essential. The hippie movement for peace and free love was captured with the quintessential tie-dye, jeans, and long hair. A pre-grunge look, a brightly colored pop-culture look, a space-age look, and a sexy, youthful look were all popular during this time period. People could express themselves freely by choosing any one of the many options of style available to them. With this outlook, civil rights protests in the United States, took a new beginning and womens rebellion against the middle-class housewifes role contributed to this second wave of womens movements (World Book 1). With less pay, fewer promotions, and discrimination in the workplace, women still worked hard for what they believed in: equal rights. The civil rights act of 1964 was the fresh start that women needed. .uf53ad26870f1a7cfbe450cfdba72be2e , .uf53ad26870f1a7cfbe450cfdba72be2e .postImageUrl , .uf53ad26870f1a7cfbe450cfdba72be2e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf53ad26870f1a7cfbe450cfdba72be2e , .uf53ad26870f1a7cfbe450cfdba72be2e:hover , .uf53ad26870f1a7cfbe450cfdba72be2e:visited , .uf53ad26870f1a7cfbe450cfdba72be2e:active { border:0!important; } .uf53ad26870f1a7cfbe450cfdba72be2e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf53ad26870f1a7cfbe450cfdba72be2e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf53ad26870f1a7cfbe450cfdba72be2e:active , .uf53ad26870f1a7cfbe450cfdba72be2e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf53ad26870f1a7cfbe450cfdba72be2e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf53ad26870f1a7cfbe450cfdba72be2e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf53ad26870f1a7cfbe450cfdba72be2e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf53ad26870f1a7cfbe450cfdba72be2e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf53ad26870f1a7cfbe450cfdba72be2e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf53ad26870f1a7cfbe450cfdba72be2e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf53ad26870f1a7cfbe450cfdba72be2e .uf53ad26870f1a7cfbe450cfdba72be2e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf53ad26870f1a7cfbe450cfdba72be2e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Theories on and Analysis of Information Management in KFCThe eighties brought a powerful new figure, that of an extremely modern businesswoman. Womens dress was inspired again by menswear, with shoulder-pads and straight-leg pants. The supermodel was introduced, with a select few women making history with their salaries. Women were becoming more powerful in corporations, and that was evident in their powerful new choice of clothing; but still not powerful enough. A famous feminine organization was created in 1985, called the Guerrilla Girls that states they are:A bunch of anonymous females who take the names of dead women artists as pseudonyms and appear in public wearing gorilla masks. In 18 years we have produced over 100 posters, stickers, books, printed projects, and actions that expose sexism and racism in politics, the art world, film and the culture at large. We use humor to convey information, provoke discussion, and show that feminists can be funny. We wear gorilla masks to focus on the issues rather than our personalities. (Guerrilla Girls: Frequently Asked Questions 1)These daring women do not take no for an answer and will always push the envelope in order to have their voice heard. The nineties was time for backlash to all the glitz of prior decades, with people leaning towards minimalism. To become a model one needs to reach dangerous proportions, like 5 7 and 100 pounds. This helped cause more eating disorders in young women. Supermodels continued to reign, and fashion was being mass-marketed more powerfully than ever. Then, the first plus-sized, African-American women was modeling for Cover Girl. This huge step was extremely daring. I t told young women that they do not need to be tall, blonde, and skin. Instead, girls need to look to their own super-mom a woman still fighting for her complete rights in the domestic and public sphere. Towards the end of the nineties, new campaigns raised a lot of controversy, such as child pornography and sexual violence. As these are not necessarily liberating, they showed a new kind of freedom in advertising. Homosexuality was also often featured in fashion of the nineties, which did provide liberation. By the end of the century, homosexuality was accepted and commonplace. The future of womens fashion is uncertainin that shock value is harder to come by with each passing year. There is a concept in fashion that nothing is new, everything has been done before. This theory is coming closer to obvious reality, as fashion shows of recent years have visual throwbacks as late as the Victorian era. Although the direction is not yet decided, it is almost definite that women will use f ashion as an important tool for expression and freedom in the future. Works Cited Banner, Lois W. Women in Modern America a Brief History. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1974. Guerrilla Girls. Frequently Asked Questions. Guerrilla Girls. 2005. 2 May 2005 . Small Business Administration. Womens History Month Amelia Jenks Bloomer. Online Womens Business Center. 16 Apr. 2002. 3 May 2005 . Thomas, Pauline Weston. 1950s Glamour Fashion History 1950s. Fashion Era. 2005. 2 May 2005 . World Book, Inc. The Rise of the Modern Womens Movement. The Modern Womens Movement. 2004 ed. 1. 2 May 2005 .