Online Inquiry, Registration and Portfolio Essay Sample free essay sample

1. RESEARCH DESCRIPTIONThe research survey covers the corporate information necessary for system and develops maps to be performed by the users. It furnishes thought and construct of the organized process to get at a comprehensive analysis therefore. provides a graphic application of the proposed system. It would be an overview of the system with an integrating of simplified user-interface based on the collected information. 2. 1 Background of the StudyMIND QUEST Tutorial and Review Center is located at the 3rd floor. City Commercial Center ( C3 ) . JP Rizal Avenue. Pagadian City. Zamboanga Del Sur. It is owned and managed by a celebrated pedagogue. Dr. Mariam A. Aluk. who is the Pull offing Director at the same clip. It is considered as a school since it involves standard academic subject that caters categories and tutorials for all degrees such as babys room. kindergarten. simple. secondary and reappraisal plans for professional degrees. The establishment aspires to supply the educational demands and larning sweetening of everybody through its services offered which could take the pupil in enriching communicating accomplishments. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Inquiry, Registration and Portfolio Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page psychomotor development that brings out their best through extended academic public presentation and help a auxiliary acquisition from school. MIND QUEST Tutorial and Review Center is build to heighten the student’s academic potency and creates a healthy environment conducive for acquisition. Since the beginning of its being. the operation is done manually such as information airing. enquiries. enrollment and the similar. Other dealing such as advertizement and publicity of the establishment which brings up-to-date proclamation about their plan offerings for student/reviewee is aired through media such as local telecasting. wireless and circulars. These are the schemes they did in propagating educational information. proclamation and as a channel of enquiries. The consequence of advertizement became indispensable and was responded by limited figure of student/reviewees and invitees enquiries. However. the geographic location of the centre meant that prospective students/reviewees and invitees can besides be a hinderance. Administrators by and large acknowledged dissatisfaction with the manner enquiries were handled. In add-on. there was merely anecdotal measuring of educational runs. The above facts boost the squad in traveling frontward and make a dynamic system that wil l change the current operation of the establishment by agencies of circulating information. enquiries and any dealing engaged by MIND QUEST Tutorial and Review Center such as enquiries. enrollment and portfolio of pupils including proclamation. update of necessary information needed by the student/reviewers and staff. 2. 2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Some of import things to be consider in designing and developing a system of MIND QUEST Tutorial and Review Center is to generalise. analyze and include what would be the primary ends of the research survey for invitees or site visitants. students/reviewers and decision maker including the module either in general or specific. Some of those premier ends are: 1. 1. 1 General AimsThis survey is intentionally done in order to convey the undermentioned aims: * To make a dynamic system as a method of propagating educational information. as agencies of enquiries and as tool in communicating of the centre to student/reviewers. module and even invitees or site visitants alternatively of utilizing media and circular that cost more ; * To bring forth a kind of page as a signifier of advertizement ; * To permeate the spirit of squad work by sharing all reappraisal resources with each other and giving one another principled support ; * To transfuse God by giving the squad a religious support. counsel and encouragement to travel frontward. 1. 1. 2 Specific Aims* To carry on a uninterrupted research and gather informations needed for the construct of the online system ; * To find the moralss of making and developing an online system and its part to MIND QUEST Tutorial and Review Center. * To place applications and programming linguistic communications that will be used in the system ; * To gestate the web-based methods. design and schemes ; * To understand the rules of online system ; * To use the gathered informations and transform it into a utile information into system ; * To adhere the collected information in one database ;* To separate templets. manner and artworks required for the development of the online system ; * To obtain faculties included for the interaction of user and the system ; * To acquire connected to the system user for more information needed for the sweetening of the online system. 1. 2 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE RESEARCHThe research workers focus merely in planing and developing an Online Inquiry. Registration and Portfolio of MIND QUEST Tutorial and Review Center. It besides reviews the methods and tools particularly the applications and programming linguistic communications used in the system to roll up informations about the educational services and dealing of the establishment. This survey provides efficient scheme in airing of larning installations with the integrating of modern engineering. The limitation of the survey within the MIND QUEST Tutorial and Review Center does non embrace web-based tutorial. It merely focuses in carry oning survey sing the centre tutorial and reappraisal plans furthermore. in distribution of educational information. messaging. student/reviewee and module portal. and posting of proclamation. capable and plans offering and bulletin any possible dealing may the Center could make. 1. 3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThe importance of this research survey is the construct and developing an Online Inquiry. Registration and Portfolio – MIND QUEST Tutorial and Review Center as it formulate solutions that will take along in footings of distribution of prospective educational information. enquiries. and degree of handiness of student/reviewee. module and decision makers. It is besides provide criterion part that put the Center into the degree of bring forthing acquisition installations where people will appreciate the ends of educational establishments. And heighten how the Center will cover in the prospective enquiries of people wants a self-learning development. Through online system a certain the centre assures that the airing of information to specific or non-specific individual are extremely distributed and informed. 1. 4 OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT STATE OF TECHNOLOGYThe fruition of engineering as it has made people lives-changing and supply progress and coveted information for public demand. It has been proved that the engineering brought benefits for both public and private sectors in covering with airing of information. publicity of institutional rules and communicating from point-to-point but non as all. It brought support and chances from little concern houses and organisation to planetary looker-ons in a rapid rate. Most of the public and private organisations take on web based as a agency of advertizement. advancing its common ends and communicating to planetary audience.

Australian Precious Stones and Jewelry market exported to Japan Essay Example

Australian Precious Stones and Jewelry market exported to Japan Essay Example Australian Precious Stones and Jewelry market exported to Japan Paper Australian Precious Stones and Jewelry market exported to Japan Paper 1.0 Executive Summary The Australian jewelry industry is somewhat unique when compared to various others. One of the primary factors is that it enjoys a large natural resource base from which it can draw from to produce and manufacture its products. This is particularly true when it concerns precious and semi-precious stones such as diamonds, opals and pearls. As things stand, the Japanese market is one that appears to be significantly lucrative to enter for an Australian jeweler. In spite of the economic downturns facing the country, its economy is many times larger than the Australian economy thus ensuring that trade opportunities will continue to exist even in the face of the economic stagnation. Additionally, the changing status of jewelry to little more than just another fashion trend means that jewelers who are able to bypass the many steps in the distribution channel and/or have access to raw materials without additional import charges will be able to catch the shift in market layout as more importance is placed on affordability and fashion. Furthermore, statistics has shown that there continues to be a steady demand for jewelry thus providing an opportunity to adaptable businesses as specialist stores suffer a withdrawal of customers who appear to frequent the supermarkets for jewelry. 2.0 Background The Australian jewelry industry has a variety of raw materials to draw from for its production of jewelry. First and foremost of all is the supply of diamonds from the Argyle mines which fall into the three categories of pink, champagne and white diamonds. Being the not only the sole mine in Australia to produce diamonds, but among the largest in the world, the Argyle diamond mine is responsible for more than a third of the worlds supply of diamonds and thus is one of the most technologically advanced mines in existence. Since its conception in 1986, the Argyle mine has produced diamonds in an increasing number from the 29 million carats in the first year of production to steadying out at an average of 35 million carats from 1994 onwards. Not only are Argyle diamonds unique to other diamonds due to their hardness, the fact that the rare, highly valued pink diamonds can be steadily sourced from the mines means that Australian jewelers have a monopoly on the sale of such rare stones th rough an exclusive network set up by Argyle. Australia also enjoys significant natural deposits of high quality opal which totaled at $120 million for the year 1996-1997 alone. In fact, the deposits are so large that Australia accounts for almost 100% of the worlds top quality opal since natural deposits elsewhere are situated near volcanic regions with the exception of Brazilian opal and are generally of inferior quality. The only downside to this particular industry is the fact that mining is usually carried out on an individual business and thereby resistant to vertical integration and more efficient large scale mining operations. 3.0 Business Environment 3.1 PEST Analysis Political In terms of political factors influencing the exporting of gemstone decorated jewelry, there are several in effect. The first of these factors would be the tariffs that effect gold silver and platinum jewelry. Any silver and platinum jewelry would be subject to a general tax of 6.2% while jewelry using other precious metals would be subject to a 6.6% tariff (JETRO, 1998). Additionally, the tariff rates for each type of jewelry depends on whether it receives preferential, WTO, temporary or general rates (Appendix 12). Preferential rates have no tax whatsoever and are applied only imports meet conditions stipulated by statute and the administration. WTO rates are applied if and when its rates are lower than temporary and general rates. There are no legal restrictions regarding the importation of jewelry to Japan save for its Customs Tariff Law which prohibits counterfeit coins and designs which infringe trademark and design rights as well as the Washington Convention ratified in 1980 prohibiting trade of materials containing ivory or coal (Jewelry Trade Commission). Although there are no official regulations in regards to the sale of jewelry, there is however an identification program established voluntarily by the industry known as the Whole Mark and Quality Mark Program. The Whole Mark is used as proof of pure precious metal content in products stated to have them and usually consists of symbols indicating home country and level of quality. The Quality Mark on the other hand is almost the same but has the added measure where the mark is created and registered by the Japan Jewelry Association and is used to establish the responsibility of the labeler and guaranteeing the quality of the jewelry (JETRO, 1998). One example of this quality mark can be found on Appendix 13. Economic In the recent years, Japan has noted a distinct slowdown in its economy and is becoming somewhat stagnant despite several hundred trillion yen being spent on economic stimulus packages by the government. Despite this trend, some changes are occurring which could possibly contain news of benefit to the Australian gemstones/jewelry industry. One of the first factors of note is that the Japanese economy is 12 times larger than the Australian economy (Austrade). As such, despite the economic growth stagnation that Japan is facing, its sheer size means that an opportunity for Australia will continue to exist barring any catastrophic occurrences. Social One of the interesting things to note in regards to the social perception to jewelry is the effects that it has had on the market share that various distribution channels have. In this aspect, it should be noted that supermarkets have gained an increase in jewelry sales while those of department stores remain mostly flat (JETRO, 1998). This would appear to be a direct consequence of reducing prices of jewelry and its increasing acceptance as just another fashion good. Based on the popularity of the royal family of Japan, it would appear that their usage of cultured pearls as apparel has significantly increased its popularity among the Japanese consumers (Austrade). As such, demand exists for South Sea pearls as well especially of the pinkish and naturally golden ones Another trend to note is the changing demand for jewelry types. As shown in Appendix 3, there was a 10% increase demand in volume for earrings and a minor increase of 1% in demand for pendants at the expense of demand for rings with the exception of engagement rings between the years 1992 to 1996. Additionally, Appendix 4 shows that there is a significant jump in spending on ornamental wear among certain age groups especially in the 25-29 years and 50-54 years age group. Technology Much of the technological concern in regards to the jewelry industry falls into two categories. One is the actual production of jewelry and the other would be the post sales service in terms of modifications and maintenance of jewelry with mechanical parts (i.e. watches). Almost all retail stores in Japan involved in the sale of jewelry devote considerable resources to after sales services which involve cleaning, repair, reworking and resizing and redesign services as part of an effort to maintain and expand their customer base (JETRO). However, certain repair operations simply cannot be carried out in Japan due to technical/logistical issues and require a return to the parent country before repairs can be carried out thus necessitating the need for foreign suppliers to maintain repair facilities for just such an occurrence. 3.2 SWOT Strengths One of the primary strengths that the Australian jewelry market has over others is that in terms of supply, Australia is among the largest suppliers of natural diamonds across a wide variety of stones as well as being the undisputed primary supplier of high quality commercial opals. As such, Australian jewelry utilizing locally acquired natural precious stones will be able to cover wide range of markets due to their extensive range of raw gemstones to draw from. Additionally, with the exception of Brazil, all non-Australian opals are located in or near volcanic regions (Costellos). Australian opals and are typically mined by individuals and small groups and are located in comparatively more hospitable areas. This fact of heavy competition, combined with the factor that Australia is reputed to supply 95% of the worlds opals, means that there is significant pressure to provide and to corner as much of the possible market share as possible. As a result, prices for raw opals cannot command a high rate since the market structure would resemble a near perfect-competition market. With pearls, the Australian industry has an advantage over other producers as the Australian Cultured Pearl is of such high quality at harvesting that it requires no bleaching, tinting, dying or skinning in order to prepare it for setting (Costellos). Since these steps are not required, the net price of the pearls would be lower in comparison to other competitors offerings. Weaknesses One of the primary weaknesses of the industry is that its primary diamond mining operations in Australia is solely dependent on a single diamond mine known as the Argyle diamond mine located in the Kimberley region (Costellos). In the event that unforeseen circumstances curtail or disrupt the mining operations and adversely affects the supply, the regular supply of local diamonds for the entire Australian jewelry industry would be halted. As a result, the entire chain of production and distribution would be disrupted, possibly causing loss in market share as competitors step in to fill up the gaps. Another weakness facing the industry is that due to the fragmented nature of opal mining operations, the existence of a coordinated and well organized supply structure is virtually non-existent. Just as the fragmented nature of the opal mining operations prevents a monopoly or dominant supplier from existing; it also prevents producers from utilizing vertical integration. Added to this problem is the fact that the opal fields are beginning to run out indicating that prices will begin to rise as supply dwindles (Costellos). Opportunities Japan is completely dependent on foreign sources for all of its precious stones and metals with the exception of quartz, onyx and pearls (Austrade). As matters stand, the combined economic size and sheer dependence on foreign sources for materials, the Australian jewelry industry will find a more than receptive market for its products. Additionally, Appendix 1 indicates that although there is some fluctuating in the sale of jewelry with precious stones during the years 1988 to 1996, the overall sales volume is stable and does not appear to be susceptible to any drastic fluctuations in the near future. As shown in Appendix 6, despite the reduced average price that was indicated during the years 1992 and 1996, overall volume of sales for all types of jewelry (gold, silver and platinum) increased. Despite the economic downturn of 1991, the increase in volume and value of jewelry sold is a good indicator that the market for jewelry is still active and demonstrates significant growth potential. Threats Major threats facing the Australian jewelry industry is the existence of rival competitors from various other countries. Already, market leaders in terms of volume exported exist among various countries such as Thailand with its export of 23.1% in the year 1996 (Appendix 7, Appendix 8) and the United States coming in at 2nd place with a total export amounting to 17.6% of the total jewelry exports to Japan. 3.3 Market Analysis Entering the Japanese market is not a simple matter. Corporate networks in Japan are closely knit and in some ways, similar to the traditional communal family structures found there. As such, finding a good importer to purchase the products will require at least an introduction into the network by an intermediary of some prominence and influence. Without such an introduction, entry into the market by exporting alone would be difficult since distributors would be likely to be more wary about a new exporter who acks endorsement unless the company already enjoys an international reputation. However, this difficulty of entering the market is somewhat lessened by the fact that there are no tariffs or quotas to the import of the colored stones. With the economic prospects for Japan still uncertain, high priced products have begun to lose market share as lower priced jewelry takes the center stage. As such, consumers have begun to be more price-sensitive and are far more likely to choose an alternate source of jewelry in the event that they find it to be too highly priced for their tastes. At the moment, there are several leading exporters of jewelry and precious stones to Japan. Among them are brands such as Tiffany, Cartier, Bulgari and other well known brand names (Appendix 10). However, these companies are on the high end range of the market and usually position their products as top quality fashion items thus allowing them to place premium prices on their products and target the richer segment of the populace. However, medium and low cost jewelry suppliers who utilize retailers such as supermarkets also have a portion of the market and with the current growth in total sales of jewelry in supermarkets (Appendix 11), it is likely that their particular segment has significant growth potential. In fact, despite its small market share compared to other distributors, it is the only retailer to have experienced such a high growth in sales (22.9%) in the year 1992 indicating that market trends are shifting to increase demand for fashionable, yet affordable jewelry.

Bipolar disorder3

Bipolar disorder3 Essay Determining Bipolar Disorder in children is harder then adults because of the mistakes doctors make in their diagnosis. All kids have mood swingsis it Bipolar Disorder? Psychologists of today are having problems diagnosing children with Bipolar Disorder because the symptoms are so different from the adult form of the disorder. In children Bipolar Disorder is called Child Onset Bipolar Disorder, known as COBPD (My Child 1). In children the cycling from highs to lows are very fast. Children will cycle between mania and depression many times a day. The episodes of mania or depression are short and rarely go on for more then a day at a time (Childhood 1). Children have longer periods of normal behavior between episodes then adults (Bipolar I Disorder 1). This rapid cycling is called ultra-ultra rapid cycling (My Child 1). Ultra-ultra rapid cycling is mostly associated with the low states in the morning, and then followed by the afternoon and evening with a high increase in energy (Frequently Asked Questions 1). Children usually have continuous mood changes that are mixes of mania and depression (Sutphen 1). In adult Bipolar Disorder, it is called Bipolar Affective Disorder, known as manic depressive illness (My Child 1). For adults the change from manic to depressed can take months. They often have periods of normal behavior in between their episodes of mania and depression (Bipolar 1). Bipolar Disorder is a biochemical imbalance that causes major mood changes from the highs of mania, to the very lows of depression (My Child 1). Doctors say What goes up must come down with the highs and lows of this disorder, but the cycles are very unpredictable and vary in Determining Bipolar Disorder in children is harder then adults because of the mistakes doctors make in their diagnosis. length. The times of depression and mania stages are not equal in time (Basic Terminology 1). In children only about .5% have bipolar disorder. The disorder is most common in males in children (Childhood 1). In adults one percent or about four million people of the population is affected by the disorder (Who Gets Bipolar 1). Bipolar Disorder affects women equally (Expert 1). The normal range of age that the disorder appears in is between the ages 15 and 25 (Alternative 1). The cause of Bipolar disorder is still a mystery. Doctors know that there is a strong genetic condition that may have something to do with it (Childhood 1). One of the most important things to have when diagnosing a child with bipolar disorder is to have an accurate family history (Facts 1). With one parent with the disorder they say the chances of each child having it is 15-30%, when both parents have the disorder the risk incr3eases to 50-75% of each child having it. In siblings and fraternal twins there is a 15- 25% percent, and in identical twins there is about a 70% chance of having the disorder. (About Early-Onset 4). In adolescents a loss or some other traumatic event might trigger an episode of either depression or mania. Later episodes of mania or depression may occur independently because of any other obvious trigger, such as stress, or the episode may worsen with any additional added stresses. Puberty is also a time of risk for children (About Early-Onset 3). There are also factors of the persons environment, stressful life events can trigger an episode from anything from a death in the family to losing a job or Determining Bipolar Disorder in children is harder then adults because of the mistakes doctors make in their diagnosis. having a baby, or moving to a different city (Bailey 1). Nearly anything can trigger a persons change in mood, there might not be any obvious triggers at all (Bipolar 1). READ: Showing the connection between Essay On average people with Bipolar Disorder, especially children, usually go through three to four doctors, and go through about eight years trying to find what works before they can obtain a correct diagnosis (Expert 1). When diagnosing a child with bipolar disorder doctors have to be very careful that they do not make the wrong diagnosis (Childhood 1). It is very tricky to make a bipolar diagnosis in children because of all the other disorders that can go along with it. .

Hisory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hisory - Assignment Example Political significance of the declaration’s provisions also identifies its radical scope. In addition to calling for independence, the declaration established people’s unalienable rights and the power of the people to overthrow the government, a political authority that the aristocratic British rule did not recognize (The Charter of Freedom 1). Jefferson and his colleagues wrote this document to mark a formal rebellion against the British rule and to establish self-governance for the states. Taking the document literally, it would mean that some human rights are supreme and above authority of anybody over people and people should demand for such rights. The literal context of the declaration also means that people have the authority to control their rulers and can change leaderships that do not honour people’s rights. The Capital Hill march (Ernst 1) and the planned strike by fast food workers in the United States in December are examples that demonstrate the literal meaning of the declaration (Gabbatt 1). The protests sought to establish rights that people thought they were entitled to but authorities refused to grant to the people. The Capital Hill March involved display of people’s demanded rights on placards. Ernst, Jonathan. â€Å"Protesters march in Washington against NSA spying.† Reuters. October 26, 2013. Web. February 22, 2014. . Gabbatt, Adam. â€Å"US fast-food workers strike over low wages in nationwide protest: Thousands due to strike across 100 cities through the day in a signal of the growing clamour for actin on income equality.† The Guardian. December 5, 2013. Web. February 22, 2014. < http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/05/fast-food-workers-strike-minimum-wage

Cave Allegory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cave Allegory - Essay Example From the time I was a child, down to this very day, there has been one constant in my life that has given me direction. That constant is work. I can never remember a time when I have not been working to accomplish some sort of self-imposed goal. Some of my earliest memories are of shining my grandfather’s boots for a quarter. I had carried groceries, fed dogs, trimmed lawns, weeded gardens and delivered newspapers all before the age of eight. As I matured, the work in which I engaged became more complex, physical and financially rewarding. My memories of working are probably so vivid because coupled with this desire to work has been the desire for stuff. I have been blessed and cursed with an inordinate streak of materialism. Like a raven, I am constantly attracted to shiny baubles and glittering gizmos. For the first two decades of my life, this focus on material possessions and the accumulation of artifacts was the drive behind my work efforts. Coming from a thoroughly worki ng class background, money was not something my parents had to give to me. I’m not sure how, but I always instinctively knew this from the earliest age. My mother has told me that I have never asked for a toy while in a shop; not even so much as a piece of candy. Somehow I always realized that the answer would be a resounding no. So I did what I observed the adults in my community doing. I worked for what I wanted. The praise for my work ethic came early and often. â€Å"Such as good helper† and â€Å"What a hard worker† was like the refrain of a sweet song I loved to hear. Work and save was the order of the day. Buy the gadget and then another. Impress your friends with your stuff. Looking back, I can see that what I thought was the due reward to a job well done was actually a sort of blindness that kept me from seeing and experiencing so much of life that is beautiful and sustaining. My materialism was not a reward. It was a shroud that blocked out the light o f a greater way. Everything in my life was jolted by the death of a cousin and dear friend during a summer holiday. In the morning we were on the beach, having a wonderful time. By the time for our evening meal, she was dead in the hospital. No one understood what had happened, but later the entire family would get and education we neither wanted nor asked for in the biology of the brain and the dangers of aneurisms. My first experience with the death of a loved one was like a light being shone into a cave for the first time. I suddenly saw that despite all of my possessions and my admirable willingness to work for them, they were in fact of little worth. Amid the brooding and mourning in the weeks following the death of my cousin, I realized for the first time in my life that everything I had worked so hard to accomplish was truly transitory. I would die, just like my cousin. No amount of MP3 players or fine clothes would change this fact. I became depressed. The center of my world , my stuff, now held no joy for me. My depression was, thankfully, of the 24-hour variety. I found that my new perspective on life and death was somehow liberating. For the first time in memory, I spent an entire day not thinking about what I was going to buy next or how I was going to earn my next bit of money. I spread a blanket in a nearby park and watched squirrels for four hours. I took a nap. I read a book (not a sales catalog) for the first time in months. I meditated. I asked myself a question. What good is work if all it gets me is stuff? I am not a

Revolution(s) in Latin America from Bolivia to Chile Essay Example for Free

Revolution(s) in Latin America from Bolivia to Chile Essay This paper will deal briefly with the revolutionary movement in Latin America in the mid 20th Century. It will compare and contrast Bolivia, Cuba, Chile and Argentina and seek to draw lessons for today. Ultimately, Peron proved the most successful model of revolution, and this only because of his strong ability to mobilize disparate elements of the population often left out of more doctrinaire Marxist movements. I. This paper will briefly deal with four related but distinct elements: first, the revolution in Bolivia in 1952, the revolution in Cuba a short time later, and the failed revolution in Chile after the 1970 elections. After this, it will deal with the Peron regime in Argentina. Given all this, this paper will attempt to compare and contrast these movements, looking at US as well as Soviet policy relative to them, and see what modern policymakers can take from these immensely important events. The Bolivian revolution of 1952 was one of the first major earthshaking events in post World War II Latin America. Bolivia was an economic disaster since the war (and before) dependent largely on tin exports and a small amount of coffee for economic survival (Cockcroft, 1997). Like all three revolutions dealt within this section, the big issue was the ownership of land. In countries largely made up of peasants, this was the greatest issue. In all three of these states, the land was owned in large parcels, by a small oligarchy that had connections with the government. This was the key in all three revolutions (Kohl, 1978). One issue that sets Bolivia apart was the fact that the army was rather uninterested in pursuing a battle against the revolutionaries, who, unlike the Chilean case, were far from â€Å"Marxist† in ideological orientation (Kohl, 1978, 239). The revolutionary movement (MNR) was both nationalist and socialist in orientation, seeking an independent and prosperous Bolivia independent of both USSR and USA. The basic platform of the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement was land reform first of all, the nationalization of the tin industry and free elections. The connection with the USA was seen by the MNR as a link between to so-called â€Å"tin barons† and the army through US aid. This was a similar view in Cuba. After a brief period of fighting, roughly the middle of April in 1952, the main urban centers fell to the revolutionary movement with the help of miners and other urban workers (the farmers took little part) who were armed by the MNR (Kohl, 1978). The army had no stomach for a fight, and put up token resistance. It was not long before the founder of the MNR, Victor Paz Estemssono, took power as president, and immediately purged the army and engaged in land reform. Universal suffrage was quickly instituted by the new government, and the tin mines were brought under state control. It is clear in hindsight that military personnel were involved in the initial uprising in early April in 1952, the army saw no threat in the nationalist movement and was loathe to fight it. This was to make the Bolivian revolution different from the revolutions in Cuba and Chile (cf. Gerassi, 1965, esp ch 16). In Cuba, 1953, the economic situation was the same for the peasants, but not for the economy as a whole. Unlike the depressed Bolivian situation, the Cuban economy was booming in 1953, except for the fact that the boom did not affect the middle and lower sectors of the peasantry. The economic boom was based on several things: the endless American demand for sugar, the investment of the Batista government in tourism and gambling (similar to Lebanon at the same time), and the presence of a substantial Jewish and Italian organized crime who ran drugs out of the island (Blasier, 1967). Nevertheless, the peasants were largely illiterate and suffering from hunger and disease, similar to that of Bolivia. Like all the revolutions dealt with here, land imbalance was the key. Here, the sugar plantations were in the hands of domestic and foreign oligarchs, Like Tin in Bolivia or Copper in Chile, in Cuba, the revolutionary movement, modeled after that of the MNR in Bolivia (that is, both nationalist and socialist), sought land reform and free elections. The Batista government had rigged elections for some time to make sure him and his military cronies were placed in power regularly (Cockcroft, 1997). Unlike the Bolivian case, the Cuban army was basically loyal to Batista and fought the revolutionaries for some time. The US government did place some pressure on the Cuban leader to hold free elections, which he largely refused to do, leading the CIA to offer some limited financial support to Castro early on (Blasier, 1967). Ultimately, the revolutionaries forced Batista to flee to the US, and the army took over more fully, leading to a protracted war. Hidden in the mountains and fields of southeastern Cuba, the revolutionaries defeated Batista’s small and poorly coordinated offensive. The US posture was uncertain until substantial aid developed from the USSR, and, after Castro’s victory, nationalization of sugar plantations and other assets deprived Cubans and Americans of their former fortunes (Marfelli, 1998). Unlike the Bolivian case, free elections were never held. Chile paints a similar picture. Like the other two states dealt with here, Chile was also a one resource exporter, in her case, copper. The revolution, which did not succeed, begins at the elections of 1970, where the semi-Marxist Salvador Allende received roughly 36% of the vote in a tightly contested three way race. Hardly a ringing endorsement, the KGB as well as the CIA back differing parties in this contest. Both intelligence agencies saw Chile and its copper as a major strategic asset, and both wanted to see Chile in their sphere of influence. The difference being that the CIA spent money to defeat Allende (in general), the Soviets spent money to elect Allende (specifically), even giving him a private salary while on the campaign trail. Allende will never get more than 40% of the vote, and hence, more radical measures were necessary (Leonov, 2005). Allende’s victory was a blow to US interests, and Richard Nixon set his face against the new government, who quickly permitted a substantial KGB presence in the country and allied himself with Castro. Even more, the Allende government nationalized the copper mines and engaged in some limited land reform, like all the above. Allende’s policies, however, created substantial economic downturns in Chile: while attempting to raise wages, he increased inflation. Price fixing brought shortages of necessary items to Santiago and other important urban areas. Unemployment went up, and copper exports fell. Soon, the army and many citizens were opposed to the government that was seen to be artificially propped up by Soviet subsidies. The fact that the opposition parties were contesting the election did not help matters, and in the two elections before Allende’s death, he received no more than 40% of the vote in tight races. The famous coup that brought General Pinochet to power was the result. (Leonov, 2005). These three revolutionary movements, briefly sketched above, contain many important similarities to one another. In all cases, the governments that preceded the revolutions were basically oligarchic: a small number of wealthy controlling a substantially disproportionate share of wealth. Each of these governments was largely militarized and the military was seen as basically supporting the state (with some hesitation in Bolivia). Each of the governments before the revolutionaries seem rather a-ideological, more or less existing to collect taxes and keep a certain group in power. In each case, the armies were basically autonomous forces, making decisions more or less apart from the states that allegedly controlled them. All three states were basically single-resource dependent which harms the sovereignty of the state. Decisions cannot be made autonomously when the entire state’s economy is based on copper markets (for example) that exist far outside the country. The revolutionary movements also have substantial similarities. Both were ideologically nationalist as well as socialist, both in the broad sense of the terms. They sought a redistribution of land and nationalization of the main source of national income: tin, sugar, copper. All of these movements sought violent measures to take power. Even the Allende government used his â€Å"red guards† to confiscate the goods of the people they considered â€Å"rich,† to harm the black market. But as the Leonov lectures prove, all of these movements, legitimate or not, were hijacked by KGB forces and used to increase Soviet power in the area. Hence, whatever sympathy the US may have had with these movements (such as it had to the early Castro) quickly evaporated once the KGB moved in, putting the US in a bad position, having to appear as the â€Å"defender of the oligarchy† against the â€Å"apostles of equality. † It seems that the Soviets forced the American hand in these matters. There are also several differences within these movements. The posture of the army was important: in Chile and Cuba, the army was loyal, in Bolivia, they seemed to have no stomach for a fight. In all cases, the army was relatively small and poorly equipped. A well financed revolutionary movement could easily be a march for these rather unprofessional military forces. The results of the revolution differed wildly. In Chile, the economy tanked. In Cuba, free elections were never held, and Castro held the country in an iron grip under Soviet subsidies. In Bolivia, the economy improved and land distribution was a fact. This is the greatest lesson of these movements: there is no guarantee of success. There is a guarantee that an old oligarchy is to replace a new one the unfortunate results of revolution. All the revolutionaries, with varying degrees of success, sought to improve the role of women in society and in the economy. To a large extent, the revolutionaries had a substantial share of women among their members. In Chile, the Allende government creates subsidy plans for free milk distribution to poor families, a policy difficult to argue with. However, when his price fixing scheme appeared early into his presidency, these milk distributions dried up, and families were forced to buy on the black market at inflated prices. Here, the female side fo the revolution was a complete failure, and mothers were worse off than before. It seems clear that the price fixing scheme was a failure and might well have been the main reason the revolution failed: shortages occurred and the black market sprang up. Allende’s violent methods of dealing with these alienated many people. It is hard to see any real alterative (in 1973) in Chile for women than to support the coup and the freeing of prices for milk and other necessaries. II. Juan Peron is one of the most celebrated Latin American personalities. He contained within himself the true ethical content of the Latin American revolutionaries without being a revolutionary. Nonviolent and patriotic, he offered Argentina everything it needed politically. The Perons were part of Argentinian politics through the World War II era, and Juan’s position in the military government (as vice president under General Eldomiro Farrell) permitted him a platform to argue in favor of unionization and nationalism, in speeches and policies that made him wildly popular. Combining nationalism, patriotism and socialism, this set of ingredients was all that was necessary to bring a coalition of left and right into being over questions of economic nationalism and equality. The fact that he married a woman of lowborn status, Eva, the real power behind Juan (Van Dine, 1998) who used her popularity to engage in serious welfare programs and mobilization of the â€Å"shirtless ones† to her and her husband’s side created a duo that has not been seen since. Peron was a man of his word. In his first term as president (until 1952) he engaged in a flurry of domestic policies that went beyond the socialist rhetoric of the revolutions described above. In the seminal work on Latin American revolutions by Gerassi (1965, esp. ch 3), he provides a provision list of the major areas of concern and policy for the Peron duo. Peron’s list of accomplishments is stunning: social security was made mandatory for each citizen. He was behind the creation of trade unions in every major Argentinian industry. He made certain that elections were free and that universal suffrage was the norm. Insofar as the treatment of women were concerned, he insisted on paid maternity leave, free medical care (especially prenatal care) and paid time off for all new mothers. He built recreation centers for all major industries, and made sure that paid vacations were the norm for all workers in Argentina. And this was only the beginning (cf. Gerassi for more details). Just as important, he sought the development of Argentina’s economic diversification. This is a substantial difference between Peron and the other movements dealt with above. The other movements did not have a substantial plan for diversification and were basically content to be one crop country. Argentina was not like this, there were too many resources to be mobilized, and such diversification became a major project of the Argentinian first couple in the 1950s. Peron was an amateur philosopher of sorts, and saw political ideology as more of a barrier than an impetus to economic performance and equality. His basic philosophical position was called Justicalisimo, or the â€Å"third way† between socialism and capitalism that attempted to combine the positive contributions of both. This approach will be imitated by Nasser in Egypt and the Bolivian MNR. But it is precisely this approach to political things that makes sense out of his popularity: there was no prepackaged ideology to oppose. His was a mixture of the best of the left with the best of capitalism. Both of these were blended with an appeal to nationalism, patriotism and Argentinian sovereignty that was immensely popular. He was able, through his own personality as well as that of his wife, to mobilize both left and right over questions of economic nationalism and equality. Most certainly, his policies were not typical for Latin America or anywhere else. There are few people who can claim his mantle. This paper mentioned Nasser of Egypt, and is likely the only one who can claim this. Peron did not seek a violent revolution. He sought a revolution based in patriotism and national consent, a nation rebuilt around the â€Å"first couple,† who were iconic in their times and ours. This is a rare chemistry that cannot be imitated by professional guerillas or politicians of the typical stripe. The fact that he put his promises immediately into action and fought the wealthy of society made him more and more popular, and this popularity, ths ability to mobilize the population, is what made the oligarchy fear him, yet there was little they could do. The Eva Peron Foundation, a huge semi-official charitable trust, built thousands of schools and hospitals around the country. The government of Argentina was truly a family affair, mirroring the actual Argentinian family itself, it was iconic almost literally, in that they were ruled not by a junta, or a general, or a rich man, but a family. In this writer’s opinion, Peron’s popularity was based on what he physically accomplished. But more than this, it was the mixture of patriotism and economic nationalism and equality. Since cliche Marxism is anti-patriotic and internationalist as well as anti-Christian, they naturally alienate many of these types of people. Peron did not do this, since he was nationalist and did not repress the church as did Castro. Hence, he was able to mobilize these people as well, adding to his popularity in a way that a Castro or Allende could not. There is so much material on this Argentinean leader that this brief description cannot do it justice. III. This paper has sought to deal with the question of Latin American Revolution in brief. It is clear by this time that this writer is partial to Peron, and sees his model as superior to the others dealt with above, and offers quite a bit of material for the future of Latin America. The revolutions of Cuba, Bolivia and Chile were, when all is said and done, failures. While correctly addressing many important issues, these revolutionaries simply became another oligarchy, or fell apart altogether (such as Allende). These states are still poor and underdeveloped, and only Chile has been able to control infant mortality with any success. The problems in all these countries were the same: one crop dependency, oligarchy, land hunger and poor infrastructure. Only Peron performed substantial moves to remedy this situation, but his later overthrow proved these abortive. Argentina was back where it had started. Cuba today is an economic disaster and a dictatorship, while Bolivia is no better off than in 1952. Nationalism, patriotism, autarky and economic equality are the wave of the future, while internationalist socialism(as well as border-less capitalism) is a relic of the past. Bibliography Kohl, James. (1978) â€Å"Peasant and Revolution in Bolivia, April 9, 1952-August 2, 1953. † The American Historical Review. 58: 238-259 Blasier, Cole (1967). â€Å"Studies of Social revolution: Origins in Mexico, Bolivia and Cuba. † Latin American Research Review. 2: 28-64 Perez, Marfelli. (1998) The Cuban Revolution. Oxford University Press. Leonov, Aledander (2005) â€Å"Soviet Intelligence in Latin America During the Cold War. † Lectures. The Center for Academic Publications. (http://www. cepchile. cl/dms/lang_2/doc_1140. html) Van Dine, Robert. (1998) â€Å"Evita Peron: Saint or Coutesan. † Vandine Publishing. (http://www. vandine. com/peron. htm; Van Dine is a career DC diplomat) Gerassi, John. (1965) The Great Fear in Latin America. Macmillan, 1965. (This work acted as background material for all the information above) Cockcroft, James D. (1997) Latin America: History, Politics, and U. S. Policy. Nelson Hall Publishers.

And What I Say Essay -- essays research papers

The Great Depression lasted from October 24, 1929 until the economic recovery of the 1940s. On October 29, Black Thursday, the stock market crashed heavily, and continued to fall sharply throughout the coming weeks. As a result, the United States and the world were thrown into a decade of poverty and unemployment. The depression affected all sectors of the economy. Farm owners and agricultural workers suffered from falling crop prices. Businesses failed from a lack of investment support and a decline in the ability of the masses to afford their products. Banks closed their doors as the nation's citizens hoarded their money and defaulted on loan payments. Unemployment and abject poverty enveloped the nation. Herbert Hoover was President of the United Sates at the onset of the depression. His message to the people was one of continued belief in recovery, even in the face of worsening conditions. Though he eventually sparked some government action in an effort to curb the effects of the depression, he believed in the power of the economy to right itself without government intervention. The situation did not improve, and dissent grew throughout the nation. Hoover lost the presidency to Franklin Roosevelt in the 1932 election. FDR quickly shifted from a stance of non-intervention to a government policy of regulation and relief. During the first hundred days of his presidency, he and his highly trusted advisors, known as the Brain Trust, created the New Deal. Marshalling a previ...

How Do people make economic decisions Essay

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate how decision-making affects the economy and people. It is obvious that free markets perform much better than communist markets. The decision making principals, according to this there are four decision making principals. In the first principal people will trade off, they will give something up for another thing they want. Making decisions means people will have to trade one goal for another. The second decision is giving up something when they already had one thing. People make trade off according to the economy. People have wants and needs therefore they need to choose carefully how to spend their income and resources. Choosing and item will benefit and cost, it will also mean that the person will not have the benefit of the item he or she gave up. Third the margin is thought of in this step. When considering the margin people will take into consideration the marginal benefit and only then if it exceeds the marginal cost. Last, people will react to incentives. People will react to price and benefits associated with their decision. My example of purchasing my first home was based on marginal cost and marginal benefit. I was renting an apartment in California and rents seem to be going up because the economy going down. People were losing their homes due to foreclosure and had to live somewhere. House prices were going down and rents going up, there was no telling when they were going to stop. I did the math and figured my mortgage would be the same if not lower with some money down. The marginal cost would be greater up front in the form of cost associated with purchasing a home. However, my marginal benefit in the long term would be even greater. Therefore, if rent was cheaper now, I would have to pay more the longer I stay in that apartment. The marginal benefit to purchasing a home would be the same for the following 30 years. The only incentive that would have led me to make a different decision is if they guaranteed my rent for the next 30 years. The economics related to the decision making and the working of the economy can be demonstrated by me purchasing a tool for my job. When I purchase tools I get the benefit of making money based on my ability to fix the customers gas turbines. The economy benefits the store where I purchase the tool makes money. When I fix a gas turbine it allows the customer to pump and produce millions a dollars a day, and they sell the product and make money, in turn they sell the gas to customers which, get to work and make money. A market economy is a type of economic system in which the trading and exchange of goods, services and information takes place in a free market (Market Economy, 2010). These types of markets are governed by supply and demand. A centrally planned economy like Cuba and North Korea decision are made by the government. Mixed economies rely in the state and the private sector to make decisions on the market economy and economic system. In a free market people purchase and sell services and goods. In this type of market people are free to interact. In a communist economy, such as Cuba and North Korea the government decides what needs to be produced and where to work. Decision can be based on marginal cost or marginal benefit; there is no doubt that they are a huge part of the consumer’s decisions to purchase goods. Whether it is the cost of buying a home or just a simple meal people will always weigh the cost of goods.

Biography Of Rachel Carson

A zoologist, biologist, environmentalist, writer, ecologist and a champion of nature conservation- Rachel Carson was all this and much more. From writing radio scripts during Depression to being the author of the best selling â€Å"Silent Spring† her journey was long, illustrious and motivational. The way she battled all odds, struggled with financial troubles and then later suffered all the indignities thrown at her after the publication of â€Å"Silent Spring† teaches us a lot about life and makes us look up to her with respect and admiration.Her early life was instrumental in making her the person she was. Her interest in nature was kindled during her childhood. Rachel Carson was born on May 27, 1907 of a father who was an ambitious real estate developer and a mother who was a teacher. Her father’s plans for their estate in Springdale, Pennsylvania did not quite materialize and thus from the very childhood, Rachel was no alien to financial difficulties. Her mo ther instilled in Rachel her own love for nature and books.Hence the training of a future environmentalist and a best selling author began early in life. Rachel started writing at a very early age and her publication was for a children’s magazine at the age of ten. Thus the die was cast and she was to follow this course till the very end of her life. After passing out from Parnassus High School, she enrolled in the Pennsylvanian college for Women (now Chatham College). She majored in English but later changed her subject to zoology.In 1932, Carson received her master’s degree. Her financial condition took a turn for the worse during the Depression and especially after the death of her father in 1935. Desperately trying to make ends meet for her family, she accepted the job of a radio writer for a programme on fishery and marine life produced by the United States Bureau of Fisheries. There seemed no end in sight to her miseries on the personal front. Her sister died in 1936, leaving behind two daughters.Carson took the girls in as part of family and they shifted to Silver Spring, Maryland to counter problems like her commutation to her job, the girls’ education and her mother’s old age. Following her excellent performance in the civil services examination, Carson went out to become the first ever female biologist to work at the Bureau. This was the beginning of a career that would see her influence the whole world with her writings.Her essay â€Å"Undersea†, published by Atlantic Monthly in September 1936, was the much needed and richly deserved breakthrough for her dual career. Bringing in rave reviews from scientists as well as literary circles, it lent weight to Carson’s belief that she could synchronize both her interests- of writing as well as nature- successfully. Impressed by her writing flair and lyrical style, famous author Hendrik William Van Loon (â€Å"The Story of Mankind†) persuaded his publisher to contact Rachel Carson who agreed the â€Å"Under the Sea Wind†.Presenting a naturalist’s picture of oceanic life, this book was a beautiful and sensitive description of the struggle for life of aquatic species. Her writing prowess succeeded in making an extremely engrossing reading out of scientific facts. The book was well received in both scientific and literary circuits. However it was not a commercial success as the release clashed with Pearl Harbor and consequently sales dipped.During World War II, she worked in the capacity of the Assistant to the Chief of the Office of Information in the Fish and Wildlife Service. Food was in short supply and her four pamphlets involving information on fish as food served multiple purposes of information source for print as well as radio media. Her series of twelve booklets, four of them authored by her, called â€Å"Conservation in Action† came out in the post war years.They propagated her ideal views of co- existence o f nature and humans and sought to inspire in people a respect for nature and an attitude for conservation. In 1948, she was appointed the editor- in- chief of the information Division- a noteworthy achievement in a male dominated profession. Meanwhile her research on the oceanic world continued in all the leisure time that she could afford. This research was what made the â€Å"The Sea Around Us† the bestseller that it was.â€Å"The Sea Around Us† was a bestseller beyond everyone’s imaginations. The pre- publication release of the first chapter by Yale Review was just the beginning of the fanfare. Carson won the George Washington Science Writing Award. When it was finally released by Oxford University Press in 1951, it was already a bestseller and topped charts for the following 81 weeks. In th euphoria created by â€Å"The Sea Around Us† , her publisher decided to re release â€Å"Under the Sea Wind†.This book also got the success it deserved, tho ugh a little belated. The phenomenal success of both the books helped Carson get her finances in order and she was able to quit her job at Fish and Wildlife Service to devote all her time to writing. â€Å"The Edge of the Sea† was published in 1955 and instantly became a huge success and remained so for the twenty- three weeks to come. It was a straight- from- the- heart account of the aquatic life on the sea shores.Again her writing capability and the deep seated feelings for oceanic species made it much more than a mere collection of scientific data and a dull set of guidelines. Around the same time, her article â€Å"Help your Child to Wonder† written for the women’s Home Companion, was another mover and shaker. In this article she gave directions to the parents to make their children aware of the wonders of nature and make them conscious of their natural environment.The personal touch that made the article strike a chord among the readers came from her own a ffection for her nieces and her grandnephew who she later adopted legally. An unmarried woman, with no children of her own, wrote the piece with all the nuances of a mother inspiring her children to look around with curiosity. In 1962, came the book that made the world sit up and notice. â€Å"Silent Spring† attracted many opinions; not all of them were flattering.Based on her research on the ill effects of pesticides on animal and human world, it brought a deluge of savage comments from those whose interests clashed with the ideas expressed in the book. Agricultural and trade journals, pesticide producers and owners of chemical factories- all attacked Carson and generated a lot of negative publicity. But nevertheless, â€Å"Silent Spring† appealed to the public and became a best seller. It generated a wave of environmental concerns. Even President John F.Kennedy was moved by the book and appointed a special panel to examine the various points the book raised. All the research, investigation and hard work that Carson had put in the book bore results and even the Presidential Committee confirmed Rachel’s concerns about the pesticides. The book raised genuine concerns about the concentration of DDT in the food chain and these timely concerns led to early action and averted what could have been a catastrophe after a few years.But what Carson had to suffer for making her views public was unbelievable. Her health failed her and yet she endured the barrage of ill meaning comments thrown at her after publication of â€Å"Silent Spring†. Breast cancer finally took its toll on her life and Rachel Carson died o April 14, 1964. Many laurels were bestowed on her during her lifetime and she deserved each one of them. She was presented with the Schweitzer Medal of the Animal Welfare Institute.She was also given the National Wildlife Federation’s â€Å"Conservationist of the Year†. But perhaps the greatest award was the response her readers gave her. Their admiration, adulation and their applause made her into an icon, a status she richly deserved. Her ideas of environmental concerns became really famous and common after her death. She was never against technology and development; it was only indiscriminate and reckless progress that irked her.She campaigned for controlled and calculated use of pesticides through her book â€Å"Silent Spring† Rachel Carson was responsible for environmental concern becoming the household term that it is now. Her revolutionary ideas set the trail for others to follow. Now the whole world has woken up to the harmful effects of pesticides to food chains. At that time, however she had been saddled with negative comments and personal humiliation. Her personal life was also littered with losses throughout.A spinster till death, she had to suffer a lot of speculation over her long and intimate friendship with Dorothy Freeman. A lot can be learnt from her life which was a roller coaster ride with many twists and turns. A rich and true tribute to her persona will be our waking up to the damage being done to our fragile eco- system and our efforts to rectify that. WORKS CITED â€Å"Breaking Nature’s Silence: Pennsylvania’s Rachel Carson† Lisa Budwig â€Å"Rachel Carson Dies of Cancer: ‘Silent Spring’ author was 56† Obituary, The New York Times. .

Descartes Proof Of The Existence Of God Essays - Ren Descartes

Descartes' Proof Of The Existence Of God Essays - Ren Descartes Descartes' Proof Of The Existence Of God The intention of this paper will be to examine Descartes argument for the existence of God. First, I will review Descartes proof for the existence of God. Then, I will discuss some consequences that appear as a result of Gods existence. Finally, I will point to some complications and problems that exist within the proof. Descartes proof of the existence of God occurs in the Third Meditation. He builds his entire argument upon his proof in the previous meditation that in order for him to think, he must exist. From this single observation, Descartes notices that the idea of his existence is very clear and distinct in his mind; based upon this clarity and the fact that he has just determined his own existence, he deduces a rulethat the things that he sees as very clear and very distinct are all true. Descartes starts his proof by dividing thought into four categoriesideas (concepts), volitions (choices), emotions (desires), and judgments (beliefs). He then breaks down these categories to discover which type/s of thoughts can yield error. The first thing to realize is that there is no error in an idea. Error can occur only in the judgment of whether the idea is true or false. For example, I may have an idea of what it would be like to burn my finger, but that idea has no rightness or wrongness until I make a judgment as to whether I believe or disbelieve the idea. In other words, having an idea is one thing, but believing it is something different. Concerning emotions and volitions, these forms of thought do not give way to any error either since we can desire or choose anything and not find any error in the fact that I desire it or choose it. Next, Descartes discusses where ideas come from, namely, inside ourselves (innate or invented) and outside ourselves (adventitious). Innate, or inborn, ideas include my understanding of what a thing is, what truth is, and what thought is (38). These ideas are considered innate because the understanding seems to be resulting simply from my own nature. They are in no way derived. When my senses (seeing, hearing, feeling, etc.) come into play, I develop an idea adventitiously. For example, if I were sitting by a fire, I would feel the heat of the flames. Feeling or having the idea of the heat was not something I decided to do from within; therefore, it must have come from something other than myself (i.e. the fire). Last but not least, some ideas are made up in my own mind. For instance, I have developed an image of my grandfather who passed away long before I was born. I have never actually seen him, but I invented an idea of him. Descartes utilizes another rule in his thought process in addition to the one stated previouslyobjective reality cannot exist without formal reality. By this he means that an idea cannot originate without a cause. Formal reality is characteristic of things and ideas have formal reality because they are states of mind. Objective reality is when things or ideas are representational of other things. Ideas automatically have objective reality since the idea represents some reality. Also, the more perfect ideas cannot come from the less perfect. This is known as the Causal Principle and is more properly stated as there must be as much reality in the total and efficient cause as in the effect. He explains that those ideas in us that obviously do not have formal reality, such as a mermaid, are merely combinations of other formal realities (a woman and a fish) and thus do not invalidate the rule. Another important explanation to note is the difference between being an idea and being the oppo site of an idea. For example, heat is an idea and cold is simply the lack of heat. The idea of cold is dependent on the idea of heat. Now Descartes has established the rules by which to lay down his argument. He then explains that he knows that he is imperfect due to the fact that he has doubts. Clearly, knowing is more perfect than doubting. From this notion, he

Holistic Family-oriented Treatment Research Proposal

Holistic Family-oriented Treatment - Research Proposal Example I thought that it is better to choose a topic that will have enough novelty, would be previously unexplored, has possibility of yielding useful results, and would tend to fill the gap of knowledge in an area of healthcare. It is evident that a topic related to holistic medicine would best serve the purpose. To this end given the growing problem of childhood obesity, it would be worthwhile to explore the means of intervention at behavioral levels, since the major problem of childhood obesity is behavioral in terms of control of diet and increase in physical exercise. Since these are matters of personal behaviors, which need to be implemented at the life-course level and given the fact that conventional biomedical models of interventions have failed to implement these interventions successfully, it is clear that there are needs to conduct research so the practice norms related to this area is delineated. The holistic medicine philosophies may have a clue to these, and thus this research could be useful in practice. Obviously, this may not be able to solve the problem of childhood obesity entirely, but it may suggest pathways for new research in order to reach a solution for this ongoing and increasing health problem. My personal belief is that the growing problem of ... These interventions should be evidence based while clinically applicable. Modern biomedical model of healthcare only promotes some concepts which while implemented fail due to incomplete understanding of the matter. Preliminary Review of Literature It was decided from the preliminary review of literature that this topic could be suitable, since there hardly are researches based on the concept and implementation points of views in the holistic health field. Parallel review in the biomedical research indicated failure of interventions to achieve adequate result. Moreover statistical and epidemiological studies indicated growing problem of childhood obesity across the affluent societies worldwide. Therefore, this identified gaps in current knowledge, lack of knowledge about the interactions of different obesogenic covariates, the mode of their interactions at holistic levels, and deficiency of guidelines for clinical practice. In my view, these establish the need for research in this area. Development of the Focus Question The research problem was thus broken into a series of concepts intended to better examine the problem. The basic questions were intended to justify the study in terms of real existence of the problem in childhood obesity, which are related to implementation of interventions. Literature Review Based on the concepts, the key words were decided, and based on these key words, the published literature in the area of childhood obesity, obesogenic factors, role of behavior and family in shaping the behavior, the results and pitfalls in existing interventions against childhood obesity will be reviewed very critically, so the gap in knowledge, fault in implementation, and consequences of lacks in interventions are delineated. In order to establish the

Compare and contrast management interviews Essay

Compare and contrast management interviews - Essay Example Many of us conducted this management interview with managers from different company departments. This paper therefore compares and contrasts the responses that were given by these managers. Different questionnaires reported different management day-to-day duties. Whereas managers carry the same title, their daily job roles are significantly diversified. The roles span from employee supervision, sales management, overseeing production, as well as general office management. Some managers are required to deliver short-term results whereas others are evaluated annually. The interviews also point to the different management levels by different managers. Seemingly, management levels determine the kind of daily tasks performed by the managers. Some of the highlighted goals include meeting daily sales margins, product delivery targets, meeting production line efficiencies. Others set weekly goals where one manager aims to keep everything in order by making sure errors stay to the minimum. Another one sets a monthly goal of managing real-estate by controlling and managing rent expenses on building company leases. However, daily, weekly and monthly targets pile up accumulatively to become annual targets for the organization. The interviews showed that different managers have different goal achieving strategies. For instance, there is a manager who has a strategy of doing paperwork in the morning, another has a strategy of ensuring the employees are properly trained and they are also cross-trained, another one writes down the goals and objectives and gives them to individual employees, and another one ensures customer gets satisfied. One manager pointed to giving incentives to well performing employees as a way of pushing individual employees to meet goals and targets. Yet, others went to an extent of outsourcing challenging tasks to other vendors in